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SCHOOL RESTROOM MAINTENANCE
NCEF's resource list of links and journal articles about restrooms or washrooms in school buildings and how certain maintenance equipment, products, and methods can prevent vandalism, ensure sanitary standards, and promote good hygiene. 
Harmony Through Diversity.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/spm/1654.shtm Keating, Tom School Planning and Management; v46 n11 , p26,28,30 ; Nov 2007
Discusses school restroom cleanliness from a multi-cultural view, encouraging consideration of ethnic diversity in school restroom hygiene training and signage.
Designing Restrooms With Cleaning in Mind.
http://www.schoolfacilities.com/cd_1676.aspx Griffin, William R. (SchoolFacilities.com, Orange, CA , Jul 06, 2005)
Rest rooms play an important part in the design and function of education facilities due to the high level of usage and exposure to the public that they receive, and they are also a health and safety issue for those cleaning as well as for those using them. The author
suggests that facilities managers should get actively involved early in the design phase for new and remodeled facilities in order to design and build a rest room with cleaning in mind from the start. Includes a list of cost saving measures that can be utilized when school buildings are constructed or remodeled that can make a big difference in rest room cleanliness.
2p.
Clean School Restroom Legislation [California].
http://www.documents.dgs.ca.gov/opsc/Forms/SAB_892.pdf (Public School Construction, California Department of General Services, 2004)
California legislation (Senate Bill 892) contains provisions relating to the sufficiency and availability of the restroom facilities in all public schools. This provides information on the procedure for concerned parties to file complaints regarding the condition of public school restrooms in California.
Parents Sound Off on School Restroom Conditions.
http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/hotnews/2ah1511115.html (Kimberly-Clark Corporation Press Release, Oct 15, 2002)
A survey of parents, conducted on behalf of the Kimberly-Clark Corporation by Opinion Research Corporation, identified a number of problems associated with schools' restrooms. Close to 20 percent of middle and high-school students admit to parents that they avoid the school restrooms due to dirty or unsafe conditions. Problems associated with these conditions include vandalism and grafitti and health problems in students. 3p.
Washroom Maintenance.
http://web.archive.org/web/20060224073145/ (SchoolHouse Plant Operation & Maintenance Resource Center, 2002)
Consise summary of restroom maintenance essentials, including an equipment list, daily cleaning procedures, quick tips, and supervision of employees. 2p.
Project CLEAN: Safe, Sanitary School Restrooms. Fastback No. 495.
Keating, Tom (Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, Bloomington, IN. , 2002)
After introducing the problem of unsafe, dirty public school restrooms, this publication describes Project CLEAN (Citizens, Learners, and Educators Against Neglect), an effort to improve the safety, cleanliness, and hygiene of student restrooms in public schools. The Project builds a five-step, school-by-school communication process that includes: (1) establishing a working relationship with the principal and conducting a site visit; (2) taking a checklist inventory of restroom conditions; (3) facilitating student and adult discussion in order to identify solutions to restroom problems; (4) developing an individualized, written restroom improvement plan for each school; and (5) helping a school team implement its plan to ensure ongoing improvements in student restrooms. 35p.
ERIC NO: ED477369 ; ISBN-0-87367-695-5 TO ORDER: Phi Delta Kappa International, P.O. Box 789, Bloomington, IN 47402-0789; Tel: 812-339-1156; Toll free: 800-766-1156 http://www.pdkintl.org/home.shtml
School Toilets.
http://www.cashnet.org/resource-center/Section5/5-4-9.html Aasletten, Ellen (California Department of Education, School Facilities Planning Division, Sacramento , 2001)
This provides solutions to design, maintenance and operations, and security questions about toilet rooms in schools. The answers lie in the layout and design of toilet facilities. 2p
Drain Cleaning: Putting Technology to Work.http://www.facilitiesnet.com/plumbingrestrooms/article/Versatile-Augers-Clean-Drains-Effectively--10237 Westerkamp, Thomas Maintenance Solutions; v16 n12 , p14,15 ; Dec 2008
Reviews recent drain cleaning technology, including lightweight augers that are kink- and tangle-resistant, video inspection devices, heavy-duty rodders, and water jetters. Incorporation of drain maintenance into a regular preventive maintenance program is also detailed.
Restroom Dispensers: A Hands-Off Approach.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=9816 Westerkamp, Thomas Maintenance Solutions; v16 n10 , p22,24 ; Oct 2008
Addresses typical restroom paper dispenser problems, proposing specification considerations for hands-free paper dispensing and air hand dryers. Strategies employed by schools to make no-touch devices work are also addressed.
Maximizing Touchless Technology.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=9156 Piper, James Maintenance Solutions; v16 n7 , p18,20 ; Jul 2008
Reviews the benefits of and recent advances in touchless restroom fixtures. Benefits include reduction of water, electricity, product use, and vandalism. Recent advances included improved controls, better battery life, and even models that recharge themselves via a turbine in the water line.
Maintenance: Down the Drain.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=9178 Westerkamp, Thomas Maintenance Solutions; v16 n7 , p34,35 ; Jul 2008
Advises on equipment selection for drain cleaning, emphasizing matching the size of the device to the diameter, length, and material of the drain pipe. Safe use, protective equipment, and renting versus buying are also addressed, and a 12-point safety training checklist is provided.
Watch Out Broadway.
http://www.peterli.com/spm/resources/articles/archive.php?article_id=1783 Keating, Tom School Planning and Management; v47 n4 , p96-98 ; Apr 2008
Describes the creation of "True Dat," a 20-minute skit about school restrooms developed by middle school students, and shown and performed worldwide to teach better behavior and cleanliness in school restrooms.
Building Blueprints. School Restrooms: A Potty Primer.
Pruner, Tony School Planning and Management; v47 n1 , p102,103 ; Jan 2008
Reviews features of vandal-resistant school restrooms that are easier to maintain, including hard ceilings, high-density polyethylene stalls, vestibules, recessed dispensers, resin floors, and mirror placement.
Paper Trail.
http://asumag.com/Washrooms/university_paper_trail/ Gagnon, Denia American School and University; v80 n1 , p30,32-34 ; Sep 2007
Recommends powerful new bathroom hand dryers that work fast enough to satisfy users unwilling to wait as long as older models took to dry hands. The advantages of air dryers over paper towels are also discussed.
Greening Up Restrooms.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=7197&keywords=green,%20restrooms Maintenance Solutions; v15 n8 , p30,32 ; Aug 2007
Advises on reducing material use, water consumption, and negative effects of chemicals in restrooms. Non-toxic alternatives to traditional cleaning and deodorizing compounds are described, as are more efficient soap and paper dispensers, more durable and efficient equipment, and automated or waterless fixtures.
Five Strategies for Designing Vandal-Resistant Restrooms.
http://www.cfmmag.com/print/Campus-Facility-Maintenance/5-Strategies-for-Designing- Vandal-Resistant-Restrooms/1$414 Wilke, Arnie Campus Facility Maintenance; v4 n2 , p30,31 ; Summer 2007
Recommends identification of problem restroom areas, use of durable materials, a focus on sink areas, hands-free fixtures and special construction features to prevent restroom vandalism.
Step by Step.
http://asumag.com/Maintenance/university_step_step_2/ Walker, John American School and University; v79 n6 , p26-28 ; Feb 2007
Reviews basic tenets of restroom cleaning, such as the use of clean tools, cleaning from dry to wet, from top to bottom, and disinfecting before appearance cleaning. Appropriate tools for various jobs are considered, as are protective accessories and janitor training.
Restroom Revolution: Touchfree, Low-flow, Infrared and Waterless.
http://www.maintenancesolutionsmag.com/article.asp?id=5923&keywords=restroom,%2 0touchfree,%20low%20flow,%20infrared,%20waterless,%20plumbing Shroades, Renee Maintenance Solutions; v15 n1 , p8,10 ; Jan 2007
Describes the advantages of these restroom fixture technologies, their struggles in gaining acceptance due to unreliability in the earliest models, inappropriate specifying, and frequent skepticism over new product efficacy.
Long-Term Lessons.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_longterm_lessons/ Gettelman, Alan American School and University; v79 n4 , p28-30 ; Dec 2006
Reviews typical unacceptable restroom conditions that are easily corrected, and suggests building system, appliance, supply, and custodial solutions.
Plumbing Technology: New-Generation Training.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=5444&keywords=plumbing,%20restroom ,%20touchless,%20training Adams, Matt Maintenance Solutions; v14 n10 , p22,23 ; Oct 2006
Describes properties of touchless restroom fixtures, including sanitation, reduced maintenance costs, but also changes in maintenance procedures. Training elements for maintenance staff involved with these new technologies are described.
Vandalism: Preventing the Writing on the Wall.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=5446&keywords=vandalism Shroades, Renee Maintenance Solutions; v14 n10 , p24,25 ; Oct 2006
Details vandalism-prevention techniques in restrooms, focusing on vandalism-thwarting fixtures. Installation of security cameras and quick response to graffiti and broken windows are also described.
How to Clean and Maintain Waterless Urinals.
http://www.buildings.com/Articles/detailBuildings.asp?ArticleID=3188 Reickhardt, Klaus Buildings; , p30 ; Jul 2006
Since waterless urinals don't need water to operate, there are a few procedures specific to their maintenance and cleaning, including sealant and trap replacement.
New-generation Maintenance Issues
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=4686 Huff, Winston Maintenance Solutions; v14 n6 ; Jun 2006
The plumbing industry is responding to changing priorities in facilities by producing fixtures that use less water and, as a result, produce less waste. But because these fixtures use technology advances not available with standard fixtures, managers should be aware they often demand new installation and maintenance routines. This discusses waterless urinals, dual-flush water closets, sensor-operated fixtures, low-flow water closets, and low-flow showers.
Defending the Bathroom.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/spm/1096.shtm Fickes, Michael School Planning and Management; v45 n3 , p38,40,41 ; Mar 2006
Describes vandal- and corrosion-resistant restroom fixtures and waterless urinals.
Hold the Water.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_hold_water/ Kravitz, Robert; Reichardt, Klaus American School and University; v78 n6 , p31-33 ; Feb 2006
Describes the amount of water that urinals typically use, and then cites water savings that can be realized with waterless urinals in schools. Advice on choosing and maintaining waterless units is included.
A National Disgrace?
http://www.peterli.com/archive/spm/1036.shtm Enderle, Jerry School Planning and Management; v44 n12 , p26-29 ; Dec 2005
Describes the prevalence of unacceptable school restroom facilities, and the five-step process for improving them that is promoted by project CLEAN (Citizens, Learners and Educators Against Neglect). Also included is the Georgia School Administrator's Restroom Checklist.
A Lesson Plan for Reducing Restroom Maintenance.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/1030.shtm Malek, Joan College Planning and Management; v8 n12 , p30,31 ; Dec 2005
Offers advice on preventing restroom vandalism, as well as choosing and installing hygienic and low-maintenance lavatory systems, fixtures, and accessories.
Lobbying for Lavoratories.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_lobbying_lavatories/ French, Lisa American School and University; v77 n12 , p24-26 ; Jul 2005
Cites statistics on school restroom undesirability and avoidance, offers suggestions on improving student responsibility for restroom conditions, and enumerates effective cleaning and maintenance strategies.
Restroom Renovations, Big Benefits
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/article.asp?id=2782 Westerkamp, Thomas A. Maintenance Solutions; Apr 2005
Restroom renovations bring these areas into compliance with access guidelines, and they give engineering and maintenance managers an opportunity to introduce new and water-saving technology. This article discusses the specific benefits of renovations, improving hygiene, standardizing cleaning, tackling access troubles, and measuring success.
Plumbing. Volume Control: High-Trafffic Restroom Design
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/bom/article.asp?id=2428 Windle, Lynn Proctor Building Operating Management; Jan 2005
For decades, school washrooms have borne the brunt of students bent on destruction. This features a new high school with restrooms that will have ceramic tile at least eight feet high and exposed plaster surfaces that will be painted with epoxy, making them more resistant to moisture. Marble will be used for partitions. Not only is marble less expensive and more attractive than competing materials, but it’s hard to mark with graffiti, hard to break and, again, easy to clean. Tamper-proof touchless technology will be used as much as possible so that water runs only when it’s needed, making it harder to flush foreign objects or to stop up sinks with paper towels. Paper towels will be replaced with high-efficiency hand dryers that can dry hands in 10 seconds.
Public Health Worries Shape Restroom Choices
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/bom/article.asp?id=2258 Windle, Lynn Proctor Building Operating Management; Nov 2004
Facility executives can turn to improved technology and a wider array of options to address costs and water efficiency as well as hygiene concerns. This discusses innovations in restroom fixture and accessory design — particularly with regard to touchless technologies. Restroom patrons can use the toilet, wash their hands, leave the room, and hardly touch a thing. Water conservation also figures heavily in restroom innovations, particularly in terms of implementing sensor technology.
Maintenance Sourcebook.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/spm/720.shtm Goforth, Dean; Murph, George; Mitchell, Joel School Planning and Management; v43 n8 , p16,18,20 ; Aug 2004
Presents three concepts for improved restroom maintenance: 1) Create a flow chart regular schedule for cleaning, providing properly stocked and organized cleaning carts. 2) Use automated flushing, faucets, and soap dispensers. 3) Restoratively clean and seal tile grout.
Effectively Maintaining Tile and Grout.
Mitchell, Joel College Planning and Management; v7 n8 , p35 ; Aug 2004
Describes techniques for cleaning and restoring tile and grout in restrooms. Restorative bonding is a relatively new technology that eliminates the cycle of staining, cleaning, and resealing of tile and grout.
Improving School Restroom Facilities.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/spm/627.shtm Enderle, Jerry School Planning and Management; v45 n3 , p24,26,28,30,31 ; Mar 2004
Presents an interview with Tom Keating, founder of project-CLEAN (Citizens, Learners and Educators Against Neglect), that presents his five-step process for changing the attitudes of students and creating adult involvement in school restroom hygiene. Examples of what is and isn't being done at the state level are presented.
Restrooms Clean up Their Act.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/643.shtm Sturgeon, Julie College Planning and Management; v7 n3 , p32,34,35 ; Mar 2004
Discusses recent innovations in restroom automation, the behavioral deficiencies they address, and the return on investment that can be realized from their installation.
Restroom Cleaning Revisited.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/Jan04/jan04housekeeping.shtml Bigger, Alan S.; Bigger, Linda B. Maintenance Solutions; Jan 2004
Issues that range from facility image, user access, and the bottom line are prompting facilities managers to rethink their cleaning and product-buying strategies. This discusses restroom-cleaning kits, power-assisted cleaning equipment, steam or vapor cleaning, and going touchless. Includes a sidebar on the problem of restroom cleanliness and the impact unclean restrooms can have on students and others.
Off the Wall?
Rittner-Heir, Robbin School Planning and Management; v42 n7 , p27-29 ; Jul 2003
Vandalism is the main problem in maintaining school washrooms. Ways to help schools meet this challenge include designing washrooms with hidden moving parts to cut down on vandalism and making toilet partitions of solid polyethylene plastic which is virtually indestructible, hard to deface, and easy to clean. The article suggests it is worth spending a little more money initially to have less to do in maintenance and repairs later.
Keeping It Clean by Going ‘Green.’
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/jun03/jun03environment.shtml Bigger, Alan; Bigger, Linda Maintenance Solutions; Jun 2003
This discusses how to integrate highly productive equipment with environmentally friendly and cost-effective products to enhance the level of cleanliness in restrooms.
Using the resources of such entities as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Green Seal can help managers develop an arsenal of cleaning chemicals that are green, priced right, and perform.
A Cleaner Future.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_cleaner_future/ Morrison, Tom American School and University; v75 n10 , p54-57 ; Jun 2003
Describes how school restrooms can get a fresher and healthier look with new technologies and better-trained custodial workers. Examples include more automated, no-touch systems and efficient cleaning products.
Bathroom Blues.
http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2003/02/12/22bathroom.h22.html Gewertz, Catherine Education Week; v 22 n 22 , p35-38 ; Feb 2003
According to this article, school restrooms are often dirty, dank, and depressing. This describes a a lone crusader that is proving that they don't have to be. Plus industry experts say defensive restroom design is giving way to more inviting environments. [Free subscriber registration is required.]
A Helping Hand.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_helping_hand_2/ Wilke, Arnie American School and University; v75 n6 , p22-27 ; Feb 2003
Describes steps schools can take to provide cleaner and safer washrooms. Emphasizes hand-washing to battle germs and asserts that creating a comfortable and user-friendly washroom is a critical and often overlooked aspect for encouraging better hygiene habits.
New Tools for Cost-Effective Restroom Cleaning.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/407.shtm Bigger, Alan; Bigger, Linda College Planning and Management; v5 n11 , p28-30 ; Nov 2002
Reviews labor-saving innovations and processes in restroom cleaning, including cleaning kits, vapor cleaning technology, and pressure washer/squeegee/vacuuming systems. Also includes a sidebar on choosing better mop equipment.
Restroom Remedies: Keeping Odors Under Control.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/Oct02/oct02housekeeping.shtml Weise, George Maintenance Solutions; Oct 2002
Finding the right odor-control strategy can be time-consuming and challenging. A combination of different systems might be required in some cases. In general, however, daily cleaning with a disinfectant, combined with an odor counteractant, will do the job.
Washrooms/Locker Rooms.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_inside_washroomslocker_rooms/ American School and University; Sep 01, 2002
News blurbs about washrooms in schools, including information on Project CLEAN (Citizens, Learners and Educators Against Neglect) to combat the problem of unsanitary and unsafe school washrooms.
Keeping Plumbing Upgrades Flowing.
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/Sep02/sep02engineering.shtml Westerkamp, Thomas A. Maintenance Solutions; Sep 2002
Plumbing system upgrades are among the most popular options for facilities seeking to control water use, as well as to enhance access and minimize both maintenance time and costs. Upgrades require managers to consider a range of issues, not the least of which is the point at which a plumbing upgrade is the best option for a facility. Ultimately, the project’s success can depend on identifying the most common mistakes that befall plumbing upgrade projects and taking steps to avoid these pitfalls.
A System-Based Approach.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_systembased_approach/ Goforth, Dean; Wooldridge, Jeffrey B. American School and University; v74 n11 , p36-37 ; Jul 2002
Discusses how school restroom cleaning can be simplified by a standardized maintenance procedure. Details sources of odor, steps for spot cleaning and deep cleaning, and cleaning tools such as microfiber wipes and mop heads.
A Nice Place To Visit.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_washrooms_nice_place/ Kennedy, Mike American School and University; v74 n9 , p46,48,50 ; May 2002
Discusses how creative planning can help schools to keep washroom traffic moving, deter vandalism, and reduce maintenance.
Behind Closed Doors.
http://www.peterli.com/archive/cpm/370.shtm Sturgeon, Julie College Planning and Management; v5 n2 , p34,36-37 ; Feb 2002
Explains why campus security officials consider locker rooms and restrooms the bane of their jobs, and offers a formula for protecting property and privacy at the same time: first secure the entire building, then zero in on specifics. Describes various security options for these campus areas.
Preventing Plumbing Problems
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/Dec00/dec00interior.shtml Westerkamp, Thomas Maintenance Solutions Online; Dec 2000
One strategy for managers developing a preventive or predictive maintenance program for plumbing
systems is to focus on locations in facility plumbing systems that traditionally have caused problems.
By identifying these components, technicians and inspectors can detect problems early and take steps
to troubleshoot minor problems before they become big problems. This discusses traditional trouble spots, early warning signs, and taking quick action on leaks.
Plugging Leaks.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_plugging_leaks/ Fitzemeyer, Ted American School and University; v73 n3 , p396-399 ; Nov 2000
Explains how routine maintenance can help schools and universities avoid plumbing disasters. Common trouble spots and preventive techniques are discussed, as are tips for making repairs without disrupting school activities.
Clean and Safe.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_clean_safe/ Shaw, Richard American School and University; Sep 2000
The daily cleaning and sanitary maintenance of a school washroom area should go hand in hand with the physical maintenance of the structure, fixtures and plumbing. Also provides ideas for discouraging germs and vandalism.
The Nose Knows.
Brown, Doug School Planning and Management; v39 n7 , p35-36,38-39 ; Jul 2000
Discusses the following considerations when using restroom air fresheners: the types available, timing and frequency of fragrance delivery, and dispenser placement. An example is provided of one school's success at improving restroom hygiene and controlling odor.
A New Era for Restroom Cleaning.
Griffin, William Maintenance Solutions ; May 2000
Updated spaces and fixture, teamed with advances in
chemicals and products lead to improved sanitation and
comfort. Describes designing for cleanliness, cleaning changes, equipment update, chemicals development, and rules of restroom cleaning.
Bathrooms a Reflection of School's Climate
http://www.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20000228bathrooms2.asp McKay, Gretchen Pittsburgh Post-Gazette; Feb 28, 2000
Issues of bathroom cleanliness, graffiti, and even soap and paper towels tell you as much about the climate of a school as the strength of its academic program and number of extracurricular activities. Some students are reluctant to use the school restrooms because of safety concerns and because many of the restrooms are downright dirty.
Flushing Out Germs.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_flushing_germs/ Jolicoeur, Paul; McDermott, Jerry; Whartnaby, Ed. American School and University; v72 n1 , p50-51 ; Sep 1999
Provides tips for restroom maintenance operations that can enhance a school's image as well as that of the effectiveness of the management program itself. Advice is also provided on keeping restrooms disinfected and deodorized as are ways of reducing cleaning costs while increasing maintenance efficiency.
Use and Abuse.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_abuse/ Clement, Andy American School and University; v71 n11 , p56,58-59 ; Jul 1999
Explores how well-equipped and well-maintained restrooms can help prevent their being vandalized. Products such as no-touch soap systems, sensor-operated faucets, and graffiti-resistant partitions are discussed as is the use of vandal-resistant materials for the restroom's interior space. Finally, specific school policies are detailed that can help minimize damage by vandals.
Maintaining the Best Defense.
http://asumag.com/mag/university_maintaining_best_defense/ Ring, David S. American School and University; v69 n9 , p46, 48 ; May 1997
Explores school bathroom vandalism prevention strategies and tips in
improving sanitary conditions. Ways of removing temptation from primary
bathroom targets are highlighted, including adding warm-air hand dryers and
sensor faucets.
Maintenance Solutions Online
http://www.facilitiesnet.com/ms/ Includes a full text archive of current and archived articles, special
reports, subscription information, editor's notebook, and current industry
news.
Project CLEAN (Citizens, Learners, and Educators Against Neglect)
http://www.project-clean.com/ Project-CLEAN, a service of a non-profit education organization, promotes safety, cleanliness, and hygiene standards in public schools. Project-CLEAN provides resource guides along with an effective five step process to help students, parents, custodians and administrators stop school restroom neglect and build student respect.
Toiletology 101 Schoolhouse
http://www.toiletology.com/toc.shtml Information on toilet repairs including the following: Tools; Parts; Emergencies; Preventive Maintenance; Water Conservation; How a Toilet Works; Testing for Leaks;
Anti-siphon; Flush Valves; Wax Rings; Remove a Toilet Tank; Vexing Problems; Repair or Replace Refill Valve; Toilet Seats;Low Consumption Toilets; Really Clean a Toilet.
School Cleaning and Maintenance Practices http://www.edfacilities.org/rl/cleaning.cfm (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, DC) NCEF's resource list of links, books, and journal articles on custodial standards and procedures, equipment, safety, and product directories for the cleaning and maintenance of schools and colleges.
School Restroom Design
http://www.edfacilities.org/rl/restrooms.cfm (National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities, Washington, DC) NCEF's resource list of links, books, and journal articles on designing and retrofitting restrooms in school buildings, including resources on fixtures, materials, finishes, maintenance, safety, and accessibility.
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